Accordingly, both basal muscle protein turnover rates as well as the post-prandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis are viewed as the key sites upon which skeletal muscle mass maintenance is regulated. These post-prandial periods offset the loss of muscle protein during post-absorptive conditions. Dietary protein and/or amino acid intake strongly increase muscle protein synthesis rates and inhibit muscle protein breakdown, thereby allowing net muscle protein accretion. Daily muscle protein synthesis rates are regulated in large part by the responsiveness to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. It is generally accepted that alterations in muscle protein synthesis play a more significant role in mediating long-term changes in muscle mass in healthy humans. Relevant gains or losses of skeletal muscle mass are attributed to a persistent change in muscle protein synthesis rates, breakdown rates, or a combination of both. Given older individuals represent a growing proportion of our population, sarcopenia will have a profound impact on population health and associated healthcare systems in the years to come.įrom a physiological standpoint, skeletal muscle mass is maintained by the parallel and opposing processes of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Consequences of sarcopenia include an increased risk of falls/fractures, loss of independence and a greater likelihood of developing chronic metabolic diseases (e.g. Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with normal, healthy aging.
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